
Coffee
Coffea arabica L.
Names
| English | Coffee |
|---|---|
| Dutch | Arabica-koffie |
| Spanish | Cafeto arábico |
| Chinese | 咖啡 |
| Scientific name | Coffea arabica L. |
About this species
Coffea arabica, also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (C. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. The natural populations of Coffea arabica are restricted to the forests of South Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Yemen.
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El cafeto arábico (Coffea arabica) es un arbusto de la familia de las rubiáceas nativo de Etiopía o Yemen; es la principal especie cultivada para la producción de café (obtenido a partir de las semillas tostadas) y la de mayor antigüedad en agricultura, datándose su uso a finales del I milenio en la península arábiga.
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小果咖啡(学名:Coffea arabica)亦称阿拉伯咖啡、阿拉比卡咖啡,为茜草科(Rubiaceae)咖啡属的一个物种。小果咖啡原产于东非,属大灌木或小乔木,高度5到8米;叶薄革质,光滑深绿色,卵状披针形,长6—14厘米,宽3.5—5厘米,叶缘全缘成浅波浪状;花冠为白色,花期3~4月;核果椭圆形,成熟时变成红色,长约10~15毫米;常含两枚种子,称作咖啡豆。
原来世界上的商品咖啡都是小果咖啡,只是到了19世纪末,发生了一次大面积的病害,种植者才开始寻找其他抗病的品种,目前小果咖啡仍然是最主要的咖啡种,约占全球咖啡产量的60%。主要在拉丁美洲各国种植,也有部分在印度尼西亚和太平洋岛屿种植。目前世界最大的咖啡产地巴西的地理条件非常适合小果咖啡的生长,巴西种植的主要咖啡也是小果咖啡,巴西的咖啡产量占世界总产量的1/3以上。
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Classification
| Kingdom | Plantae |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Gentianales |
| Family | Rubiaceae |
| Genus | Coffea |


