
Goblin Shark
Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898
Names
| English | Goblin Shark |
|---|---|
| Dutch | Koboldhaai |
| Spanish | Tiburón duende |
| Chinese | 剑吻鲨 |
| Scientific name | Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan, 1898 |
About this species
The goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni) is a rare species of deep-sea shark. Sometimes called a "living fossil", it is the only extant representative of the family Mitsukurinidae, a lineage some 125 million years old. This pink-skinned animal has a distinctive profile with an elongated, flat snout, and highly protrusible jaws containing prominent nail-like teeth. It typically reaches a length of 3 to 4 meters (10 to 13 feet) when fully grown, although it can grow significantly larger—such as one specimen captured in 2000, which was believed to measure around 6 meters (20 feet). Goblin sharks are benthopelagic creatures that inhabit upper continental slopes, submarine canyons, and seamounts throughout the world at depths greater than 100 m (330 ft), with adults found deeper than juveniles. Some researchers believed that these sharks could also dive to depths of up to 1,300 m (4,270 ft), for short periods; footage captured in 2024 suggests that their range could be deeper than previously thought, with a confirmed sighting of an adult swimming at 2,000 m (6,560 ft).
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El tiburón duende o tiburón trasgo (Mitsukurina owstoni) es una especie de elasmobranquio lamniforme de la familia Mitsukurinidae. Es bastante inusual en cuanto a su morfología, pues presenta una notoria prolongación a modo de morro que sobresale de su boca, unas mandíbulas de libre desplazamiento (es decir, se mueven adelante cuando abre la boca), y un color muy extraño, rosado con el dorso gris. El tiburón duende es el único miembro vivo de la familia Mitsukurinidae, de los cuales, Scapanorhynchus y Anomotodon, son sus parientes extintos. El tiburón duende es el único miembro vivo en la actualidad; también es la única especie dentro del género.
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欧氏尖吻鲛(学名:Mitsukurina owstoni),又名欧氏剑吻鲨、欧氏尖吻鲨,也被称为哥布林鲨(Goblin Shark),是尖吻鲛科(或称尖吻鲨科或箕作氏鲨科)下的唯一一个现生物种,大约有1.25亿年历史,是一种深海鲨鱼。欧氏尖吻鲛的特征是它的吻向前突起而形成一尖突,比其他鲨鱼的更为长,以此感觉猎物,两颌前移形成鸟喙状,可以突然伸出攫取猎物。它的另一个特征是半透明的皮肤,以显露出血液使身体呈粉红色。它可以伸缩上颚通常情况下收缩,此时它看起来与一般的鲨鱼并无太大区别,但它可以通过迅速伸出上颚来捕获前方的猎物,据纪录片《鲨鱼周(shark week)》的记载,欧氏尖吻鲛上颚出射速度达到0.16s,是目前鱼类捕食的世界纪录。哥布林鲨通过颚周边的肌肉来维持上颚使其能够在出射时不脱离口部。,当收缩时,外观就像是一头粉红色而长吻的沙虎鲨,由于属于古老的鲨鱼家族,可称为活化石。
欧氏尖吻鲛出没于阳光照射不到的深海,一般在深于200米水深处。它们分布在世界各地温带和热带的海域,从太平洋的澳洲至大西洋的墨西哥湾。它们首先于日本的海域被发现。
欧氏尖吻鲛在深海捕食不同种类的生物。它们主要以鱿鱼、蟹及深海鱼为食物。就它们的生命及生殖习性所知甚少,而它们的敌人亦较少。因此,世界自然保护联盟并没有将它们分类为濒危物种。
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Classification
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Elasmobranchii |
| Order | Lamniformes |
| Family | Mitsukurinidae |
| Genus | Mitsukurina |
