
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)
Names
| English | Great White Shark |
|---|---|
| Dutch | Witte Haai |
| Spanish | Gran tiburón blanco |
| Chinese | 噬人鲨 |
| Scientific name | Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) |
About this species
The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or great white, is a large shark. It is closely related to the mako sharks, the porbeagle, and the salmon shark. It is a robustly built species with a grayish upperside and a white underside. The white shark is one of the largest living shark and fish species, though it is still smaller than the whale shark and basking shark. It has about 300 triangular, serrated teeth that are continuously replaced. Its massive, fatty liver can reach over a quarter of its body weight, providing buoyancy and storing energy. The species is partially warm-blooded, an adaptation that allows it to remain active in colder waters.
White sharks inhabit tropical and temperate ocean waters around the world and can be found both near coasts and in the open ocean. Populations are most concentrated at the Pacific and Atlantic of North America and in the waters of southern Africa and Oceania. They are a highly migratory species, traveling between the coast and the open ocean and even between continents.
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El gran tiburón blanco o jaquetón (Carcharodon carcharias) es una especie de pez cartilaginoso lamniforme de la familia Lamnidae (escualo). Vive en las aguas cálidas y templadas de casi todos los océanos. Esta especie es la única del género Carcharodon que sobrevive en la actualidad. A nivel mundial se considera Vulnerable (IUCN).
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大白鲨(学名:Carcharodon carcharias, 英语:Great white shark),中国科学院动物研究所官方中文学名为噬人鲨,中华民国中央研究院官方中文学名为食人鲨,又名白鲛、食人鲛、白鲨,俗称白色死神,是鼠鲨科的一种高度食肉性的大型鲨鱼,出没于各个大洋及主要边缘海的浅海水域。大白鲨最早的化石出现于中新世,是噬人鲨属(Carcharodon)唯一现存的成员,属于活化石物种。它的体型引人注目,较大的成年雌性个体可以长到6.4米(21英尺)以上,体重可达1,905—2,268千克(4,200—5,000磅)。然而,大多数都比较小,雄性和雌性平均测量为3.4—4.0米(11—13英尺)和4.6—4.9米(15—16英尺)。
大白鲨是世上现存体型最大的掠食性鱼类,为许多海洋哺乳动物(特别是鳍足类)的主要天敌,另也会猎食海鸟、海龟和其他鱼类等一切能捕杀到的海洋生物。大白鲨与多数鲨鱼一样是机会主义的伏击捕食者,会不间断的巡游直到见到外形适合的猎物就会伺机试探攻击,攻击往往是从后方深处突然加速上游发起,在攻击发起前鲨鱼其实也并不知道猎物是否理想。许多与大白鲨有关的鲨鱼袭击都是针对冲浪者,原因很可能是人趴在冲浪板上露出手脚划水时在水下看到的投影与海豹的轮廓极其相似,而袭击后发现口感不对时大白鲨常会放弃继续撕咬。相较之下,可以进入淡水和半咸水区的公牛鲨攻击人类的纪录其实远比大白鲨要多,甚至有些报导的大白鲨攻击其实就是被误认的公牛鲨攻击事件。
作为食物链顶端的顶级掠食者(虽然遭遇虎鲸时也可能被捕食),大白鲨面对生态冲击时的物种恢复力稳定性并不强。此物种现被国际自然保护联盟列为“易危”,同时亦出现在《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》的附录二中。
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Classification
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Elasmobranchii |
| Order | Lamniformes |
| Family | Lamnidae |
| Genus | Carcharodon |
