Vampire Squid
Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun, 1903
Names
| English | Vampire Squid |
|---|---|
| Dutch | Vampierinktvis |
| Spanish | Calamar vampiro |
| Chinese | 吸血乌贼 |
| Scientific name | Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun, 1903 |
About this species
The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis, lit. 'vampire squid from hell') is a small cephalopod found throughout temperate and tropical oceans in extreme deep sea conditions. The vampire squid uses its bioluminescent organs and its unique oxygen metabolism to thrive in the parts of the ocean with the lowest concentrations of oxygen. It has two long retractile filaments, located between the first two pairs of arms on its dorsal side, which distinguish it from both octopuses and squids, though its closest relatives are octopuses. As a phylogenetic relict, it is the only known surviving member of the order Vampyromorphida.
The first specimens were collected on the Valdivia Expedition and were originally described as an octopus in 1903 by German teuthologist Carl Chun, but later assigned to a new order together with several extinct taxa.
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El calamar vampiro (Vampyroteuthis infernalis, lit. "calamar vampiro del infierno") es una especie de molusco cefalópodo del orden Vampyromorphida.
Es un pequeño cefalópodo de aguas profundas que se encuentra en aguas templadas y tropicales de todo el mundo. Sus filamentos sensoriales retráctiles únicos justifican el emplazamiento del calamar vampiro en su propio orden, Vampyromorphida (antes Vampyromorpha), a pesar de que comparte similitudes con los calamares y los pulpos. Como una reliquia filogenética, es el único superviviente conocido de su orden, primero descrito y erróneamente identificado como un pulpo en 1903 por el zoólogo alemán Carl Chun.
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吸血乌贼（学名：Vampyroteuthis infernalis），又名吸血章鱼、吸血鱿鱼、幽灵蛸、蝙蝠蛸，是一种居住在深海的头足类，是八腕总目也就是章鱼的一种，和墨鱼、鱿鱼是远亲，它和章鱼科一样都是有8只触手，其名字中虽有“乌贼”一词，但其实和乌贼（即十腕总目）无关。
其祖先在侏罗纪时期为了躲避蛇颈龙目的猎食而移居深海，并且长出圆球包覆型结构，以对抗头部狭小的蛇颈龙；在白垩纪大灭绝后，所有大型水生爬虫类都灭绝，这让吸血乌贼一直存活到了现代。
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Classification
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Cephalopoda |
| Order | Vampyromorpha |
| Family | Vampyroteuthidae |
| Genus | Vampyroteuthis |